Moscow climate
Moscow is warmest in July, with average highs of 23 °C, and coldest in February, when nights average -11 °C. July is the wettest month (76 mm) and February the driest (32 mm). Figures are 1991–2020 climate normals.
Across a full year Moscow averages 606 mm of rain, 26 days above 25 °C and 158 days below freezing.
Russia · population 10,381,222 · 1991–2020 normals
Temperature below 0 °C to above 30 °C Rain band height is that month’s share of the wettest month
- Warmest month July 23 °C
- Coldest month February -11 °C
- Driest month February 32 mm
- Wettest month July 76 mm
- Least cloud August 59 % cloud
- Hottest on record August 37 °C
- Coldest on record January -35 °C
What to expectMoscow through the year
Moscow has a clear annual cycle: average daily highs run from -4.7 °C in February to 23 °C in July, a swing of 27 °C in mean temperature across the year.
Counted across a normal year, 26 days a year reach 25 °C, 3 of them reach 30 °C, 158 nights drop below freezing. The warmest reading in the 1991–2020 record is 37 °C, in August.
Rain is strongly seasonal. July averages 76 mm against 32 mm in February — 2.4 times as much. Planning around the dry months matters more here than planning around temperature.
Month by month
| Month | Avg high | Rainfall | Cloud |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | -5.2 °C | 36 mm | 90 % |
| February | -4.7 °C | 32 mm | 83 % |
| March | 1.0 °C | 33 mm | 70 % |
| April | 10.1 °C | 36 mm | 66 % |
| May | 17.5 °C | 58 mm | 59 % |
| June | 21.1 °C | 71 mm | 60 % |
| July | 23.4 °C | 76 mm | 59 % |
| August | 21.5 °C | 66 mm | 59 % |
| September | 15.5 °C | 57 mm | 69 % |
| October | 8.2 °C | 58 mm | 79 % |
| November | 0.8 °C | 44 mm | 87 % |
| December | -3.2 °C | 38 mm | 91 % |
Temperature month by month
| Month | Avg high | Avg low | Mean | Record high | Record low | Days above 25 °C | Days above 30 °C | Days below 0 °C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | -5.2 °C | -10.3 °C | -7.5 °C | 7.6 °C | -34.8 °C | 0 | 0 | 30 |
| February | -4.7 °C | -10.6 °C | -7.4 °C | 7.6 °C | -34.2 °C | 0 | 0 | 27 |
| March | 1.0 °C | -6.5 °C | -2.6 °C | 17.0 °C | -21.1 °C | 0 | 0 | 28 |
| April | 10.1 °C | 0.2 °C | 5.5 °C | 25.2 °C | -14.6 °C | 0 | 0 | 15 |
| May | 17.5 °C | 7.3 °C | 13.0 °C | 32.6 °C | -4.3 °C | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| June | 21.1 °C | 11.9 °C | 17.0 °C | 32.2 °C | 2.1 °C | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| July | 23.4 °C | 14.7 °C | 19.4 °C | 36.2 °C | 7.0 °C | 11 | 1 | 0 |
| August | 21.5 °C | 13.0 °C | 17.5 °C | 37.4 °C | 4.5 °C | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| September | 15.5 °C | 8.2 °C | 11.9 °C | 28.1 °C | -3.6 °C | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| October | 8.2 °C | 2.8 °C | 5.5 °C | 21.7 °C | -13.5 °C | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| November | 0.8 °C | -3.3 °C | -1.1 °C | 14.6 °C | -29.6 °C | 0 | 0 | 21 |
| December | -3.2 °C | -7.7 °C | -5.3 °C | 9.9 °C | -34.4 °C | 0 | 0 | 28 |
Rain, sun and wind month by month
| Month | Rainfall | Wet days | Daylight | Cloud cover | Humidity | Wind |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| January | 36 mm | 10 | 7.7 h/day | 90 % | 86 % | 19 km/h |
| February | 32 mm | 8 | 9.6 h/day | 83 % | 84 % | 19 km/h |
| March | 33 mm | 8 | 12 h/day | 70 % | 80 % | 19 km/h |
| April | 36 mm | 9 | 14 h/day | 66 % | 71 % | 18 km/h |
| May | 58 mm | 11 | 16 h/day | 59 % | 67 % | 18 km/h |
| June | 71 mm | 12 | 18 h/day | 60 % | 68 % | 17 km/h |
| July | 76 mm | 12 | 17 h/day | 59 % | 71 % | 16 km/h |
| August | 66 mm | 10 | 15 h/day | 59 % | 72 % | 16 km/h |
| September | 57 mm | 9 | 13 h/day | 69 % | 76 % | 17 km/h |
| October | 58 mm | 11 | 10 h/day | 79 % | 80 % | 19 km/h |
| November | 44 mm | 9 | 8.3 h/day | 87 % | 85 % | 18 km/h |
| December | 38 mm | 10 | 7.1 h/day | 91 % | 86 % | 19 km/h |
Planning a trip? See the best time to visit Moscow.
QuestionsCommon questions about Moscow’s climate
When is the best time to visit Moscow?
That depends on what you want, so the honest answer is a comparison rather than a single month. June, July, August sit closest to 20 °C on average, July is the warmest month and February the driest. The month-by-month table above has the full picture.
How hot does Moscow get?
In July, the warmest month, daily highs average 23 °C. About 3 days a year pass 30 °C. The highest value in the 1991–2020 record is 37 °C.
How cold does it get in winter?
Nights average -11 °C in February, the coldest month. A normal year has 158 nights below freezing.
Which month is wettest in Moscow?
July, averaging 76 mm over 12 days with rain. The driest month is February with 32 mm. The year as a whole averages 606 mm.
Are these figures a forecast?
No. They are 1991–2020 climate normals: the average of thirty years, which describes what a month is usually like in Moscow rather than what any particular week will bring. Individual years can differ substantially from the normal.
Data sources and method
- ERA5 / ERA5-Land reanalysis — Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), ECMWF. Copernicus Licence
- Open-Meteo — Open-Meteo.com. CC BY 4.0
- NOAA OISST v2.1 — NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory. Public domain
- GeoNames — GeoNames.org. CC BY 4.0
- Normal period
- 1991–2020
- Data point
- 55.752°, 37.618° (the coordinates the reanalysis values are taken for)
- Dataset version
- era5-1991-2020-scores1.1
- Last processed
Measured values come from ERA5 reanalysis and are reproduced unchanged. Calculated by us: monthly rankings, daylight hours, beach and comfort scores. Full formulas are on the methodology page.
Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.